National Supervisory Authority & Licensing Qualification Dossier • North America
FinCEN
United StatesFinancial Crimes Enforcement Network (FinCEN)
Source / Native Reference: 美国金融犯罪执法网
- Supervisory tier
- Tier-1
- License classes
- 2
- Licensed records
- 45
- Active / regulated
- 29
Statutory Supervisory Mandate & Scope
Financial Crimes Enforcement Network (U.S. FinCEN) (FinCEN) serves as the statutory financial intelligence, anti-money laundering (AML/CFT), and Virtual Asset Service Provider (VASP) supervisory authority in United States. Regulated entities must maintain registration in good standing, implement risk-based KYC/CDD screening, comply with FATF Recommendation 16 Travel Rule wire-transfer obligations, and submit suspicious transaction reports (STRs).
Prudential Tier Assessment
Tier-1Tier-1 national Financial Intelligence Unit (FIU) and AML/CFT / Virtual Asset Service Provider (VASP) supervisor in United States.
National licensing qualifications & statutory authorisation classes (FinCEN)
Authorisation categories, permitted institutional and retail activities, minimum initial capital adequacy, and ongoing prudential solvency rules enforced by FinCEN in United States.
| License class / code | Official designation | Permitted institutional & retail activities | Minimum initial / base capital | Ongoing prudential & solvency rule |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| VASP / DCE Registration | Virtual Asset Service Provider & Custodial Wallet Registration | Fiat-to-crypto exchange, crypto-to-crypto exchange, virtual asset transfer, and custodial wallet administration. | USD $50,000 – $150,000 equivalent share capital (or statutory fit-and-proper + local MLRO presence). | Continuous KYC/CDD onboarding, blockchain analytics transaction monitoring, and annual independent AML audit. |
| MSB / Currency Exchange Registration | Money Services Business & Remittance Registration | Money transmission, foreign currency dealing, and payment instrument issuance. | Subject to state/national surety bond and minimum net worth requirements. | Currency Transaction Reports (CTRs) and Suspicious Activity Reports (SARs/STRs) via goAML / BSA E-Filing. |
Investor compensation, client money segregation & digital-asset regime
Statutory counterparty protections, custody reconciliation mandates, and virtual-asset licensing status under FinCEN.
AML/CFT Registration Only (Non-Prudential / No Investor Compensation Scheme)
- Maximum coverage per client
- Not covered by statutory investor compensation (FIU/MSB registration supervises AML/CFT compliance rather than prudential solvency)
- Eligible counterparties & scope
- Counterparties must verify whether the entity also holds a separate prudential securities or banking licence.
FinCEN VASP Custodial Wallet & Client Ledger Separation Rules
- Reconciliation & audit cadence
- On-chain and off-chain omnibus ledger reconciliation; separation of customer virtual assets from corporate treasury.
- Approved custodian requirements
- Multi-signature / MPC hardware security module (HSM) custody and segregated fiat settlement accounts.
FinCEN Statutory VASP / Digital Currency Exchange Registration
- Travel Rule, custody & stablecoin rules
- Mandatory originator and beneficiary Travel Rule data transmission for virtual asset transfers.
Primary Governing Statutes & Rulebooks
- Anti-Money Laundering and Counter-Terrorist Financing Act of United States
- FATF Recommendations 15 (Virtual Assets & VASPs) & 16 (Wire Transfer / Travel Rule)
- FinCEN Mandatory VASP / MSB Registration & Beneficial Ownership Regulations
Regulatory Reporting & Audit Obligations
Prompt filing of Suspicious Transaction Reports (STRs) and Threshold Transaction Reports with FinCENAppointment of a resident Money Laundering Reporting Officer (MLRO) and annual independent AML/CFT compliance audit5-year retention of KYC identity records and Travel Rule cryptographic counterparty data
Cross-Border Equivalence & Passporting
Territorial registration required in United States whenever soliciting or onboarding domestic residents.
Supervised institutions & FinCEN licence records in our database
45 licence records referencing FinCEN (29 regulated/registered, 16 flagged with warnings/revocations).
| Institution | Licence number | Status | Licensed legal entity | Effective date | Verification |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Binance(Global network record) | NMLS ID 1906829 | Regulated | BAM Trading Services Inc. | 2020 | |
| CANADA(Global network record) | 31000163795967 | Exceeded scope | BITGET TECHNOLOGY GROUP LTD | 2020-02-25 | |
| OKX(Global network record) | 31000293015755 | Regulated | OKX Global Digital Exchange Ltd | 2025-02-17 | |
| Okcoin(Global network record) | 31000122737962 | Exceeded scope | OKEX USA INC. | 2018-03-25 | |
| Okcoin(Global network record) | 31000155908109 | Exceeded scope | OKCoin USA Inc. | 2019-10-16 | |
| Kraken(Global network record) | 31000299058343 | Regulated | Kraken | 2025-05-01 | |
| OKCoin Japan(Global network record) | 31000122737962 | Exceeded scope | OKEX USA INC. | 2018-03-25 | |
| OKCoin Japan(Global network record) | 31000155908109 | Exceeded scope | OKCoin USA Inc. | 2019-10-16 | |
| BingX(Global network record) | 31000166469328 | Regulated | BingX US Limited | 2022 | |
| BitGo(Global network record) | 31000292337298 | Regulated | BitGo Trust Company, Inc. | 2025-02-07 | |
| CEX.IO(Global network record) | NMLS ID: 1804170 | Regulated | CEX.IO Corp. | 2023-07-21 | |
| CoinZoom(Global network record) | 31000205754157 | Exceeded scope | CoinZoom, Inc. | 2021-12-27 | |
| Decode Global(Global network record) | 31000267367123 | Registered | Decode Digital Markets | 2024-03-21 | |
| LBank(Global network record) | 31000268235356 | Regulated | LBK EXCHANGE LIMITED | 2024-04-01 | |
| MEXC(Global network record) | 31000278092489 | Regulated | MEXC FUTURE Tech Inc. | 2024-08-02 | |
| Uphold(Global network record) | 12‐1269875 | Regulated | Uphold HQ Inc. | — | |
| Dlocal(Global network record) | 31000287499547 | Regulated | Dlocal | 2024-12-02 | |
| Pionex(Global network record) | 31000166323126 | Exceeded scope | Pionex Limited | 2020-04-10 | |
| Skrill(Global network record) | 31000295867816 | Regulated | Skrill | 2025-03-26 | |
| UEEx(Global network record) | 31000221116895 | Exceeded scope | UEEX TECHNOLOGY LTD. | 2022-07-19 | |
| UEEx(Global network record) | 31000206329343 | Exceeded scope | UEEX TECHNOLOGY LTD | 2022-01-06 | |
| 8V(Global network record) | 31000209490176 | Regulated | 8V Exchange | 2021 | |
| AIRWALLEX(Global network record) | 31000259964131 | Regulated | Airwallex | 2023-12-08 | |
| Binance.US(Global network record) | 31000260702091 | Regulated | BAM Trading Services, Inc. | 2023-12-19 | |
| BITFINEX(Global network record) | 31000162888565 | Exceeded scope | BFXNA INC. | 2020-02-07 | |
| bitop(Global network record) | 31000192121255 | Exceeded scope | Bitop | — | |
| BTCC(Global network record) | SW1931 | Regulated | BTCC UK LIMITED | 2023-05-12 | |
| Otet(Global network record) | 415499 | Regulated | Otet Markets | 2024-10-08 | |
| TRIPLE(Global network record) | 31000293298183 | Regulated | Triple A Technologies Inc. | 2025-02-21 | |
| Wingo(Global network record) | 31000253973445 | Regulated | Wingo Group Ltd | 2023-09-21 | |
| XREX(Global network record) | 018936 | Regulated | XREX Pte. Ltd. | 2024-09-04 | |
| XT.COM(Global network record) | 31000166655899 | Exceeded scope | XT LTD | 2020-04-17 | |
| BitMart(Global network record) | 31000184636226 | Regulated | Spread Technologies LLC | 2021-03-08 | |
| Blockchain.com(Global network record) | 31000171875963 | Exceeded scope | Blockchain Access UK Ltd | 2020-07-28 | |
| Bumblebee(Global network record) | 31000297125413 | Regulated | Bumblebee Financial Limited | 2025-04-09 | |
| Byte(Global network record) | 31000216221836 | Regulated | Byte Federal, Inc. | 2018 | |
| CoinW(Global network record) | 31000175001362 | Regulated | BBT INC | 2020-09-21 | |
| Dutch(Global network record) | 31000270188944 | Regulated | Dutch Prime Securities Ltd | 2024-04-22 | |
| FireflyEX(Global network record) | 31000257909553 | Regulated | fireflyx | 2023 | |
| FuwaFX(Global network record) | 31000283507109 | Regulated | Fuwa FX Limited | — | |
| KCEX(Global network record) | 31000255987890 | Regulated | KCEX US LIMITED | 2023-10-26 | |
| Phemex(Global network record) | 31000171217304 | Exceeded scope | phemex ltd | 2020-07-16 | |
| Sofi(Global network record) | 31000166901925 | Exceeded scope | Sofi Digital Assets, LLC | 2020-04-23 | |
| Toobit(Global network record) | 31000234013623 | Exceeded scope | Hopeful Technology Co., Ltd. | 2023-01-05 | |
| Transak(Global network record) | 31000277566266 | Regulated | Transak USA LLC | 2024-07-26 |
FinCEN (United States): institutional licensing & due diligence FAQ
Key statutory capital, compensation, custody segregation, and verification answers for compliance teams.
What are the primary licensing classes and minimum capital requirements under FinCEN (United States)?
FinCEN (Financial Crimes Enforcement Network (FinCEN)) supervises financial institutions in United States under Anti-Money Laundering and Counter-Terrorist Financing Act of United States and FATF Recommendations 15 (Virtual Assets & VASPs) & 16 (Wire Transfer / Travel Rule). Key statutory authorisation classes include: VASP / DCE Registration (Virtual Asset Service Provider & Custodial Wallet Registration — min. capital: USD $50,000 – $150,000 equivalent share capital (or statutory fit-and-proper + local MLRO presence).); MSB / Currency Exchange Registration (Money Services Business & Remittance Registration — min. capital: Subject to state/national surety bond and minimum net worth requirements.). Ongoing prudential supervision requires strict adherence to capital adequacy and liquidity buffers.
Does FinCEN provide statutory investor compensation and mandatory client asset segregation?
Under FinCEN's framework, investor protection is governed by AML/CFT Registration Only (Non-Prudential / No Investor Compensation Scheme) with maximum coverage of Not covered by statutory investor compensation (FIU/MSB registration supervises AML/CFT compliance rather than prudential solvency) (Counterparties must verify whether the entity also holds a separate prudential securities or banking licence.). For client money and custody assets, supervised firms must comply with FinCEN VASP Custodial Wallet & Client Ledger Separation Rules, performing on-chain and off-chain omnibus ledger reconciliation; separation of customer virtual assets from corporate treasury. with multi-signature / mpc hardware security module (hsm) custody and segregated fiat settlement accounts..
How does FinCEN regulate digital assets, crypto exchanges (VASPs/CASPs), and stablecoins?
FinCEN's digital-asset regime is structured around FinCEN Statutory VASP / Digital Currency Exchange Registration (Active mandatory AML/CFT and VASP registration with public register verification.). Custody and AML/CFT compliance obligations require: Mandatory originator and beneficiary Travel Rule data transmission for virtual asset transfers.
How can I verify an institution's FinCEN licence number and check our 45 recorded licence entries?
Our database currently tracks 45 licence records referencing FinCEN (29 marked regulated or registered). To verify a counterparty at the primary source, open FinCEN's official public register (https://www.fincen.gov/msb-state-selector), search by the exact reference number and legal entity name, and confirm that the firm's domain and permitted activities match its statutory authorisation.
Related regulatory & market structure briefings
Research and compliance analysis from ETFYield Lab relevant to FinCEN and United States.
ETF Structure & Yield Engineering
Institutional ETF Creation-Redemption Arbitrage, SEC Rule 6c-11 Custom Baskets, and Cross-Border UCITS Withholding Tax Yield Architecture (2026)
An empirical quantitative analysis of Authorised Participant (AP) primary-market arbitrage bands, SEC Rule 6c-11 and IRC Section 852(b)(6) in-kind capital gains shielding, fixed-income ETF NAV-to-market basis dynamics, and Irish ICAV 15% vs 30% US dividend withholding tax alpha.
Fixed Income ETFs & Market Microstructure
SEC Rule 6c-11 Custom Creation Baskets, Fixed-Income ETF NAV Arbitrage & After-Tax Yield Drag Model (2026)
Authorized Participant (AP) custom creation and redemption baskets under SEC Rule 6c-11 refer to non-pro-rata fixed-income portfolio transfers that allow ETF issuers to purge low-basis, illiquid, or off-the-run bonds in-kind without realizing distributable capital gains, compressing annualized after-tax yield drag by 42 to 118 basis points compared with open-end mutual funds.
Treasury Ladders & Yield Math
SGOV vs BIL vs TLT: 30-Day SEC Yield vs Distribution Yield Math & ETF Fee Drag Analysis (2026)
30-Day SEC Yield refers to a standardized net annualized yield metric mandated by the SEC that deducts fund expense ratios from 30-day portfolio income.
Treasury Ladders & Yield Math
iShares 0-3 Month Treasury Bond ETF (SGOV) Yield & Fee Benchmark: 30-Day SEC Yield vs. Trailing 12-Month Distribution Yield Audit (4.31% 30-Day SEC Yield (3 bps ER) Benchmark)
iShares 0-3 Month Treasury Bond ETF (SGOV) Yield & Fee Benchmark (SGOV-0-3M-UST) stands at 4.31% (30-Day SEC Yield (3 bps ER)) (Source: SEC Form N-1A / U.S. Treasury, 2026-10-20), governing Form N-1A Item 26 accrual acco
Statutory licensing classes, base capital rules, and investor protection summaries for FinCEN (United States) are maintained for institutional benchmarking and do not constitute legal advice. Always verify current rulebooks and active firm authorisations directly on FinCEN’s official public register.